End Stage Kidney Disease (ESKD)

End Stage Kidney Disease (ESKD) is the final stage of chronic kidney disease (CKD) where the kidneys lose their ability to filter waste and excess fluids from the blood effectively. When kidneys fail to function properly, harmful levels of toxins and fluids build up in the body, affecting overall health. At this stage, people with ESKD require ongoing medical treatment, such as dialysis or a kidney transplant, to maintain their quality of life.
At Southwest Kidney Institute, we understand how overwhelming an End Stage Kidney Disease diagnosis can be, but we are here to offer expert care and compassionate support every step of the way.

ESKD is often referred to by other names, including:

• Kidney Failure
• End-Stage Renal Disease
• Renal Failure

Before reaching End Stage Kidney Disease, many patients experience signs that their kidney function is declining. Recognizing these symptoms early can help manage the disease:

• Fatigue and weakness
• Swelling in legs, ankles, and feet (edema)
• Difficulty breathing, which can happen when excess fluid accumulates in the lungs.
• Persistent nausea and vomiting
• Decreased appetite or metallic taste in the mouth
• Trouble sleeping or concentration difficulties
• Dry, itchy skin
• Muscle cramps or twitches

If you experience any of these symptoms, it is essential to seek medical attention to get an accurate diagnosis and start appropriate treatment.

Several conditions can lead to kidney damage over time, causing ESKD. Some of the primary causes are:

• Diabetes (Type 1 and Type 2)
• High blood pressure (Hypertension)
• Chronic kidney infections
• Polycystic kidney disease (genetic disorder)
• Autoimmune diseases like lupus
• Obstruction of the urinary tract (due to kidney stones, tumors, etc.)

Managing these underlying conditions can help slow the progression of kidney disease.

Some individuals have an increased likelihood of developing End Stage Kidney Disease (ESKD). Risk factors include:

• Age: People over 60 have an elevated risk.
• Family history: A family history of kidney disease increases your risk.
• Ethnicity: African Americans, Native Americans, and Hispanic Americans have higher incidences of ESRD.
• Chronic conditions: People with diabetes, high blood pressure, and heart disease are more susceptible to kidney damage.
• Lifestyle factors: An unhealthy diet, smoking, and excess weight can raise the risk.

Understanding your risk factors can help you take preventive measures to protect your kidney health.

Diagnosing End Stage Kidney Disease requires a combination of exams and tests to assess kidney function. Your doctor may suggest the following:

• Blood tests: To check levels of creatinine and urea, which indicate how well your kidneys are filtering.
• Urine tests: To detect abnormal protein levels or blood in your urine.
• Imaging tests: Ultrasounds or CT scans to observe kidney structure and detect any abnormalities.
• Kidney biopsy: In certain situations, a small tissue sample from the kidney is analysed to identify the cause of the damage.

Early diagnosis is key to managing the progression of kidney disease.

When the kidneys fail, several complications can arise, which require careful management, including:

• Fluid retention: Leading to swelling, high blood pressure, or fluid in the lungs.
• Heart disease: Due to increased strain on the cardiovascular system.
• Anemia: Occurs when the kidneys produce fewer hormones that help in the formation of red blood cells.
• Bone disease: Weak bones from imbalanced calcium and phosphorus levels.
• Nerve damage: Peripheral neuropathy can result from prolonged kidney failure.

Proactive care and management can help reduce the impact of these complications and improve quality of life.

While End Stage Kidney Disease requires ongoing treatment, several options are available to help patients lead fulfilling lives. Treatment plans are personalized, and your healthcare provider will work with you to determine the best approach:

• Dialysis: A procedure to remove waste and excess fluids from the blood. There are two main types:
  • Hemodialysis: Performed at a dialysis center or at home.
  • Peritoneal dialysis: Can be done at home using the lining of the abdomen as a filter.
• Kidney transplant: A surgical option where a healthy kidney from a donor replaces the failing kidneys.
• Lifestyle modifications: Following a renal-friendly diet, managing blood pressure and blood sugar, and staying active can help slow the progression of ESKD.
• Medications: To control symptoms like blood pressure, prevent bone disease, and manage anemia.

At Southwest Kidney Institute, our expert team will guide you through these treatment options, ensuring that you receive the care and attention you need at every stage.

Facing an End Stage Kidney Disease diagnosis can feel overwhelming, but you don’t have to go through it alone. At Southwest Kidney Institute, we are dedicated to delivering personalized, compassionate care that meets your unique needs. From the latest in dialysis treatments to personalized transplant consultations, our team is here to support you in managing your condition and living your life to the fullest. Schedule a visit with our top-rated providers today!